唐山活动断层的浅层地震精细探测   总被引：3，自引：3，他引：3       下载免费PDF全文

郝书俭  尤惠川 《地震地质》2001,23(1):93-97

利用高分辨率浅层地震方法对唐山断层进行精细探测 ,得到了 30 0m以上尤其是近地表结构的清晰图像 ,证明NW倾向的唐山断层在活动时 ,南段是一个高角度的正断层 ,向上错断了全新统 (Q4 ) ;北段则表现出逆断层的性质  相似文献   

Weak zone formation for initiating subduction from thermo-mechanical feedback of low-temperature plasticity     

J. M. Branlund  K. Regenauer-Lieb  D. A. Yuen 《Earth and Planetary Science Letters》2001,190(3-4):237-250

We have addressed the problem of subduction initiation with a solid-mechanical and fluid-dynamical approach, using a finite-element method. The setup has been extended by a rate-sensitive coupling at the bottom of a semi-brittle lithosphere and a fully coupled thermo-mechanical model. The central element of our model is a broad asymmetric sedimentary loading function at the passive continental margin, which grows with time to 15 km. Two fundamentally different modes of shear zone formation have been found depending on the rheology of the creep layer. Mode 1: For cases of low or absent yield stress in the creep layer only, the semi-brittle top develops a weak zone, while the rate-sensitive layer acts as a decoupling shear zone. Mode 2: For cases with a yield strength in the creep layer (strain rates above 10⁻¹⁵ s⁻¹ after yielding), the entire mechanical lithosphere fails on a major shear zone; mode 1 fails to model subduction initiation, while mode 2 creates a weak, major shear zone that severs through the entire lithosphere.  相似文献   

卡兹克阿尔特断裂带活动特征   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

尹金辉  陈杰  郑勇刚  李锰  胡军 《中国地震》2001,17(2):221-230

卡兹克阿尔特断裂带是帕米尔和天山新生代造山带间一个重要的活动构造边界,通过对其活动构造特征的详细地质调查和大比例尺填图,可将卡兹克阿尔特断裂带进一步划分为吉勒格由特断裂带、乌恰地震断裂带和木什断裂带3段.吉勒格由特断裂带的地表破裂为一系列的断层陡坎和偏转的冲积扇,经过别尔托阔依河出山口处时,切割了T1至T3堆积阶地.断裂带在T1、T2和T3阶地的断层陡坎高度分别为0.67m、3.90m和36.50m.对采自T2阶地顶部和底部的粉砂样品进行光释光测年,测定的初步结果分别为8900aBP和10500aBP,因此对T3、T2阶地以来的滑动速率估计分别约为3.5mm/a、0.8mm/a.断裂的前缘开挖的探槽揭示出全新世以来有4次古地震活动.乌恰地震带主要切割克兹勒苏河的T3阶地后缘,沿断裂带分布有大小不等的断塞塘和断层陡坎.1985年8月23日在乌恰地震带上发生Ms7.4地震,地震最大位错为1.5m.根据断层陡坎计算出断裂的滑动速率约为0.54mm/a.卡帕河的东岸探槽同样揭示出有4次古地震活动.在乌恰地震带的东端,木什断裂带地表长度约6km,由数十条左阶排列的反向断层陡坎(坡向北)组成,沿这些断坎多处可见冲沟被断错,横跨断层陡坎的探槽揭示出3次古地震活动.  相似文献   

活动构造研究的一些进展   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

陈顒  陈棋福  李娟 《中国地震》2001,17(2):103-109

对人类活动历史时期的构造运动－活动构造运动的了解至今还不多，但它是认识诸多自然灾害和环境变化的基础。近10年来，国内外许多科学计划都与活动构造研究密切相关。本文简要回顾了开展活动构造研究的背景，活动构造研究的进展和存在的问题，指出了今后重点研究的方向。本文强调指出：对地观测和数字化地震等新技术为活动构造研究提供了机遇，但加强分析，建立新的理论框架，仍然是研究活动构造，特别是中国大陆活动构造的关键问题。  相似文献   

祁漫塔格陆相火山岩：塔里木陆块南缘印支期活动大陆边缘的岩石学证据   总被引：8，自引：4，他引：8  

刘红涛 《岩石学报》2001,17(3):337-351

在东昆仑北部的祁漫塔格山地区发育一套晚三叠世陆相火山岩，这套火山岩主要由英安－流纹质熔岩和火山碎屑岩构成，并含有少量的玄武安山岩和安山岩夹层，岩石组合类似于消减带之上的玄武岩－安山岩－英安岩－流纹岩组合，其岩相特征与安第斯火山岩带发育的“灰流凝灰岩”组合基本一致，岩石地球化学研究表明，它属于典型的钙碱系列岩石（CA＝59），并具有富钾特点；以富集大离子亲石元素，亏损高场强元素为重要特征，具有稀土总量较高（REE＝151．26－288．43ug/g)，轻稀土富集（LaCN/YbCN=8.42-21.77)和轻微－中等程度的负铕异常（Eu=0.25-0.82）的球粒陨石标准化稀土元素配分图谱，根据上述岩石地球化学特征并结合其发育的区域地质条件，认为这套火山岩类似于中安第斯的弧火山岩，其形成的大地构造环境应活动大陆边缘，采集于火山岩东，西两个剖面中的两组同位素测年样品，获得的全岩Rb-Sr等时线年龄分别为208Ma和222Ma，指示火山岩的喷发时代相当于晚三叠世晚期（印支晚期）。根据同位素测年样品的地理分布，推断该期火山活动在西部喷发较早，东部则相对较晚。由于这套火山岩发育在昆仑造山带北侧与塔里木陆块的接合部位的祁浸塔格山地区，因而推断在印支晚期昆仑洋壳曾经向塔里木陆声发生过强烈的B消减事件，导致在塔里木陆块南缘发育大规模弧岩浆活动；本研究认为，这套陆相火山岩与本区的同时代（或稍晚）花岗岩类共同构成了塔里木陆块南缘的印支期弧岩浆带。  相似文献   

小江断裂带第四纪晚期左旋走滑速率及其构造意义   总被引：6，自引：2，他引：6       下载免费PDF全文

何宏林  池田安隆  宋方敏  董兴权 《地震地质》2002,24(1):14-26

位于中国西南的小江 (Xiaojiang)断裂带作为康定 (Kangding)断裂带的南段 ,在青藏块体向SE方向挤出的过程中起着重要的作用。根据断错地貌以及这些断错地貌14 C年代或热释光年代 ,推算了小江断裂带第四纪晚期的左旋走滑速率。小江断裂带可以分为 3段 ,其中段由平行的两条断层组成。西支断层和东支断层的左旋走滑速率分别为 7.0～ 9.0mm/ yr和 6 .0～ 7.5mm/yr。简单相加 ,就可以推算出小江 (Xiaojiang)断裂带总的左旋走滑速率为 13 0～ 16 5mm/ yr,与康定断裂带北段的鲜水河 (Xianshuihe)断层的走滑速率大致相当 ,约等于康定 (Kangding)断裂带中段的安宁河 (Anninghe)断层及则木河 (Zemuhe)断层的两倍。这个结果可能暗示了在康定断裂带中段 ,可能存在着其他断层以解消另外一半的滑动速率。最有可能的断层是位于康定断裂带中段以东几十公里的普雄河 -布拖 (Puxionghe Butuo)断层  相似文献   

酒西盆地断层活动特征及古地震研究   总被引：21，自引：12，他引：21       下载免费PDF全文

闵伟  张培震  何文贵  李传友  毛凤英  张淑萍 《地震地质》2002,24(1):35-44

通过室内航片判读和野外调查 ,在酒西盆地发现 3条全新世活动逆掩断层 ,它们全新世以来的垂直活动速率都很接近 ,为 0 18～ 0 2 5mm/a。通过探槽揭露出的 3条断层全新世以来各发生两次古地震事件。根据探槽揭露的古地震年代及断层活动所形成的微地貌特征分析 ,阴洼山断层是独立活动的 ;北大河断层和新民堡断层上的古地震事件在时间上可能非常接近 ,具有丛集特征 ,或者是一次地震事件分别破裂这两条断层 ,但目前的测年手段还无法区别它们是一次破裂事件形成还是时间上非常接近的两次事件所形成的  相似文献   

Review of the development of laser fluorosensors for oil spill application     

Brown CE  Fingas MF 《Marine pollution bulletin》2003,47(9-12):477-484

As laser fluorosensors provide their own source of excitation, they are known as active sensors. Being active sensors, laser fluorosensors can be employed around the clock, in daylight or in total darkness. Certain compounds, such as aromatic hydrocarbons, present in petroleum oils absorb ultraviolet laser light and become electronically excited. This excitation is quickly removed by the process of fluorescence emission, primarily in the visible region of the spectrum. By careful choice of the excitation laser wavelength and range-gated detection at selected emission wavelengths, petroleum oils can be detected and classified into three broad categories: light refined, crude or heavy refined.

This paper will review the development of laser fluorosensors for oil spill application, with emphasis on system components such as excitation laser source, and detection schemes that allow these unique sensors to be employed for the detection and classification of petroleum oils. There have been a number of laser fluorosensors developed in recent years, many of which are strictly research and development tools. Certain of these fluorosensors have been ship-borne instruments that have been mounted in aircraft for the occasional airborne mission. Other systems are mounted permanently on aircraft for use in either surveillance or spill response roles.  相似文献   

Microstructural analysis of faulting in quartzite,Assynt, NW Scotland: Implications for fault zone evolution     

Robert J. Knipe  Geoffrey E. Lloyd 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1994,143(1-3):229-254

Macroscopic fracture arrays, microstructures and interpreted deformation mechanisms are used to assess the development of a minor reverse fault (backthrust) in quartzite from the Moine Thrust Zone, Assynt, NW Scotland. Fracturing dominates the faulting via the progression: intragranular extension microcracks; transgranular, cataclasite absent extension fractures; through-going, cataclasite filled shear microfaults, within which fracturing and particulate flow operate. However, both diffusive mass transfer (DMT) and intracrystalline plasticity (low temperature plasticity, LTP) processes also contribute to the fault zone deformation and lead to distinct associations of deformation mechanisms (e.g., DMT-fracture and LTP-fracture or low-temperature ductile fracture, LTDF). Over a large range of scales the fault zone consists of blocks of relatively intact rock separated by narrow zones of intense deformation where fracture processes dominate. The populations of fragments/blocks of different sizes in the fault zone have a power-law relationship which is related to the dimension of the fault zone. These observations are used to develop a general model for fault zone evolution based on the distribution of deformation features as a function of either time or space. A systematic variation in the deformation rate: time histories is recognised, associated with different positions within the fault zone. Thus, the fault zone preserves elements of the birth, life and death sequences associated with the displacement history and strain accommodation.Dedicated to the memory of Will Ramsbotham (1967–93).  相似文献   

滇西北区断层分数维几何学的研究   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

皇甫岗  韩明 《地震地质》1991,13(1):61-66

本文应用分数维几何学的方法,对滇西北区断裂系进行解析并确立了各断裂系的地位;从该区各典型子区活动断裂与水系的几何学分析和对比,探讨了二者的分布特征及其相关性  相似文献